Makefile: Split build into bin and obj directories

This also moves the main binary from ./bfs to ./bin/bfs, and ./tests.sh
to ./tests/tests.sh, with the goal of keeping the repository root clean.

1 files changed, 3433 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/tests.sh b/tests/tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..434e058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3433 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+############################################################################
+# bfs                                                                      #
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Tavian Barnes <tavianator@tavianator.com>        #
+#                                                                          #
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any #
+# purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.                           #
+#                                                                          #
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES #
+# WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF         #
+# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR  #
+# ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES   #
+# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN    #
+# ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF  #
+# OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.           #
+############################################################################
+
+set -eP
+umask 022
+
+export LC_ALL=C
+export TZ=UTC0
+
+export ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+export LSAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+export MSAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+export TSAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+export UBSAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+
+export LS_COLORS=""
+unset BFS_COLORS
+
+if [ -t 1 ]; then
+    BLD=$(printf '\033[01m')
+    RED=$(printf '\033[01;31m')
+    GRN=$(printf '\033[01;32m')
+    YLW=$(printf '\033[01;33m')
+    BLU=$(printf '\033[01;34m')
+    MAG=$(printf '\033[01;35m')
+    CYN=$(printf '\033[01;36m')
+    RST=$(printf '\033[0m')
+fi
+
+UNAME=$(uname)
+
+if command -v capsh &>/dev/null; then
+    if capsh --has-p=cap_dac_override &>/dev/null || capsh --has-p=cap_dac_read_search &>/dev/null; then
+	if [ -n "$BFS_TRIED_DROP" ]; then
+            cat >&2 <<EOF
+${RED}error:${RST} Failed to drop capabilities.
+EOF
+
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+
+        cat >&2 <<EOF
+${YLW}warning:${RST} Running as ${BLD}$(id -un)${RST} is not recommended.  Dropping ${BLD}cap_dac_override${RST} and
+${BLD}cap_dac_read_search${RST}.
+
+EOF
+
+        BFS_TRIED_DROP=y exec capsh \
+            --drop=cap_dac_override,cap_dac_read_search \
+            --caps=cap_dac_override,cap_dac_read_search-eip \
+            -- "$0" "$@"
+    fi
+elif [ "$EUID" -eq 0 ]; then
+    UNLESS=
+    if [ "$UNAME" = "Linux" ]; then
+	UNLESS=" unless ${GRN}capsh${RST} is installed"
+    fi
+
+    cat >&2 <<EOF
+${RED}error:${RST} These tests expect filesystem permissions to be enforced, and therefore
+will not work when run as ${BLD}$(id -un)${RST}${UNLESS}.
+EOF
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+function usage() {
+    local pad=$(printf "%*s" ${#0} "")
+    cat <<EOF
+Usage: ${GRN}$0${RST} [${BLU}--bfs${RST}=${MAG}path/to/bfs${RST}] [${BLU}--posix${RST}] [${BLU}--bsd${RST}] [${BLU}--gnu${RST}] [${BLU}--all${RST}] [${BLU}--sudo${RST}]
+       $pad [${BLU}--stop${RST}] [${BLU}--noclean${RST}] [${BLU}--update${RST}] [${BLU}--verbose${RST}[=${BLD}LEVEL${RST}]] [${BLU}--help${RST}]
+       $pad [${BLD}test_*${RST} [${BLD}test_*${RST} ...]]
+
+  ${BLU}--bfs${RST}=${MAG}path/to/bfs${RST}
+      Set the path to the bfs executable to test (default: ${MAG}./bin/bfs${RST})
+
+  ${BLU}--posix${RST}, ${BLU}--bsd${RST}, ${BLU}--gnu${RST}, ${BLU}--all${RST}
+      Choose which test cases to run (default: ${BLU}--all${RST})
+
+  ${BLU}--sudo${RST}
+      Run tests that require root
+
+  ${BLU}--stop${RST}
+      Stop when the first error occurs
+
+  ${BLU}--noclean${RST}
+      Keep the test directories around after the run
+
+  ${BLU}--update${RST}
+      Update the expected outputs for the test cases
+
+  ${BLU}--verbose${RST}=${BLD}commands${RST}
+      Log the commands that get executed
+  ${BLU}--verbose${RST}=${BLD}errors${RST}
+      Don't redirect standard error
+  ${BLU}--verbose${RST}=${BLD}skipped${RST}
+      Log which tests get skipped
+  ${BLU}--verbose${RST}=${BLD}tests${RST}
+      Log all tests that get run
+  ${BLU}--verbose${RST}
+      Log everything
+
+  ${BLU}--help${RST}
+      This message
+
+  ${BLD}test_*${RST}
+      Select individual test cases to run
+EOF
+}
+
+DEFAULT=yes
+POSIX=
+BSD=
+GNU=
+ALL=
+SUDO=
+STOP=
+CLEAN=yes
+UPDATE=
+VERBOSE_COMMANDS=
+VERBOSE_ERRORS=
+VERBOSE_SKIPPED=
+VERBOSE_TESTS=
+EXPLICIT=
+
+enabled_tests=()
+
+for arg; do
+    case "$arg" in
+        --bfs=*)
+            BFS="${arg#*=}"
+            ;;
+        --posix)
+            DEFAULT=
+            POSIX=yes
+            ;;
+        --bsd)
+            DEFAULT=
+            POSIX=yes
+            BSD=yes
+            ;;
+        --gnu)
+            DEFAULT=
+            POSIX=yes
+            GNU=yes
+            ;;
+        --all)
+            DEFAULT=
+            POSIX=yes
+            BSD=yes
+            GNU=yes
+            ALL=yes
+            ;;
+        --sudo)
+            SUDO=yes
+            ;;
+        --stop)
+            STOP=yes
+            ;;
+        --noclean)
+            CLEAN=
+            ;;
+        --update)
+            UPDATE=yes
+            ;;
+        --verbose=commands)
+            VERBOSE_COMMANDS=yes
+            ;;
+        --verbose=errors)
+            VERBOSE_ERRORS=yes
+            ;;
+        --verbose=skipped)
+            VERBOSE_SKIPPED=yes
+            ;;
+        --verbose=tests)
+            VERBOSE_SKIPPED=yes
+            VERBOSE_TESTS=yes
+            ;;
+        --verbose)
+            VERBOSE_COMMANDS=yes
+            VERBOSE_ERRORS=yes
+            VERBOSE_SKIPPED=yes
+            VERBOSE_TESTS=yes
+            ;;
+        --help)
+            usage
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+        test_*)
+            EXPLICIT=yes
+            SUDO=yes
+            enabled_tests+=("$arg")
+            ;;
+        *)
+            printf "${RED}error:${RST} Unrecognized option '%s'.\n\n" "$arg" >&2
+            usage >&2
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+posix_tests=(
+    # General parsing
+    test_basic
+
+    test_parens
+    test_bang
+    test_implicit_and
+    test_a
+    test_o
+
+    test_weird_names
+
+    test_incomplete
+    test_missing_paren
+    test_extra_paren
+
+    # Flags
+
+    test_H
+    test_H_slash
+    test_H_broken
+    test_H_notdir
+    test_H_loops
+
+    test_L
+    test_L_broken
+    test_L_notdir
+    test_L_loops
+
+    test_flag_weird_names
+    test_flag_comma
+
+    # Primaries
+
+    test_depth
+    test_depth_slash
+    test_depth_error
+    test_L_depth
+
+    test_exec
+    test_exec_plus
+    test_exec_plus_status
+    test_exec_plus_semicolon
+
+    test_group_name
+    test_group_id
+    test_group_nogroup
+
+    test_links
+    test_links_plus
+    test_links_minus
+
+    test_name
+    test_name_root
+    test_name_root_depth
+    test_name_trailing_slash
+    test_name_star_star
+    test_name_character_class
+    test_name_bracket
+    test_name_backslash
+    test_name_double_backslash
+
+    test_newer
+    test_newer_link
+
+    test_nogroup
+    test_nogroup_ulimit
+
+    test_nouser
+    test_nouser_ulimit
+
+    test_ok_stdin
+    test_ok_plus_semicolon
+
+    test_path
+
+    test_perm_000
+    test_perm_000_minus
+    test_perm_222
+    test_perm_222_minus
+    test_perm_644
+    test_perm_644_minus
+    test_perm_symbolic
+    test_perm_symbolic_minus
+    test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic_minus
+    test_permcopy
+    test_perm_setid
+    test_perm_sticky
+
+    test_prune
+    test_prune_file
+    test_prune_or_print
+    test_not_prune
+
+    test_size
+    test_size_plus
+    test_size_bytes
+
+    test_type_d
+    test_type_f
+    test_type_l
+    test_H_type_l
+    test_L_type_l
+    test_type_bind_mount
+
+    test_user_name
+    test_user_id
+    test_user_nouser
+
+    test_xdev
+    test_L_xdev
+
+    # Closed file descriptors
+    test_closed_stdin
+    test_closed_stdout
+    test_closed_stderr
+
+    # PATH_MAX handling
+    test_deep
+
+    # Optimizer tests
+    test_or_purity
+    test_double_negation
+    test_de_morgan_not
+    test_de_morgan_and
+    test_de_morgan_or
+    test_data_flow_group
+    test_data_flow_user
+    test_data_flow_type
+    test_data_flow_and_swap
+    test_data_flow_or_swap
+)
+
+bsd_tests=(
+    # Flags
+
+    test_E
+
+    test_P
+    test_P_slash
+
+    test_X
+
+    test_d_path
+
+    test_f
+
+    test_s
+
+    test_double_dash
+    test_flag_double_dash
+
+    # Primaries
+
+    test_acl
+    test_L_acl
+
+    test_anewer
+    test_asince
+
+    test_delete
+    test_delete_many
+
+    test_depth_maxdepth_1
+    test_depth_maxdepth_2
+    test_depth_mindepth_1
+    test_depth_mindepth_2
+
+    test_depth_n
+    test_depth_n_plus
+    test_depth_n_minus
+    test_depth_depth_n
+    test_depth_depth_n_plus
+    test_depth_depth_n_minus
+    test_depth_overflow
+    test_data_flow_depth
+
+    test_exec_substring
+
+    test_execdir_pwd
+    test_execdir_slash
+    test_execdir_slash_pwd
+    test_execdir_slashes
+    test_execdir_ulimit
+
+    test_exit
+    test_exit_no_implicit_print
+
+    test_flags
+
+    test_follow
+
+    test_gid_name
+
+    test_ilname
+    test_L_ilname
+
+    test_iname
+
+    test_inum
+    test_inum_mount
+    test_inum_bind_mount
+
+    test_ipath
+
+    test_iregex
+
+    test_lname
+    test_L_lname
+
+    test_ls
+    test_L_ls
+
+    test_maxdepth
+
+    test_mindepth
+
+    test_mnewer
+    test_H_mnewer
+
+    test_mount
+    test_L_mount
+
+    test_msince
+
+    test_mtime_units
+
+    test_name_slash
+    test_name_slashes
+
+    test_H_newer
+
+    test_newerma
+    test_newermt
+    test_newermt_epoch_minus_one
+
+    test_ok_stdin
+    test_ok_closed_stdin
+
+    test_okdir_stdin
+    test_okdir_closed_stdin
+
+    test_perm_000_plus
+    test_perm_222_plus
+    test_perm_644_plus
+
+    test_printx
+
+    test_quit
+    test_quit_child
+    test_quit_depth
+    test_quit_depth_child
+    test_quit_after_print
+    test_quit_before_print
+    test_quit_implicit_print
+
+    test_rm
+
+    test_regex
+    test_regex_parens
+
+    test_samefile
+    test_samefile_symlink
+    test_H_samefile_symlink
+    test_L_samefile_symlink
+    test_samefile_broken
+    test_H_samefile_broken
+    test_L_samefile_broken
+    test_samefile_notdir
+    test_H_samefile_notdir
+    test_L_samefile_notdir
+
+    test_size_T
+    test_size_big
+
+    test_uid_name
+
+    test_xattr
+    test_L_xattr
+
+    test_xattrname
+    test_L_xattrname
+
+    # Optimizer tests
+    test_data_flow_sparse
+)
+
+gnu_tests=(
+    # General parsing
+
+    test_not
+    test_and
+    test_or
+    test_comma
+    test_precedence
+
+    test_follow_comma
+
+    # Flags
+
+    test_P
+    test_P_slash
+
+    test_L_loops_continue
+
+    test_double_dash
+    test_flag_double_dash
+
+    # Primaries
+
+    test_anewer
+
+    test_path_d
+
+    test_daystart
+    test_daystart_twice
+
+    test_delete
+    test_delete_many
+    test_L_delete
+
+    test_depth_mindepth_1
+    test_depth_mindepth_2
+    test_depth_maxdepth_1
+    test_depth_maxdepth_2
+
+    test_empty
+    test_empty_special
+
+    test_exec_nothing
+    test_exec_substring
+    test_exec_flush
+    test_exec_flush_fail
+    test_exec_plus_flush
+    test_exec_plus_flush_fail
+
+    test_execdir
+    test_execdir_substring
+    test_execdir_plus_semicolon
+    test_execdir_pwd
+    test_execdir_slash
+    test_execdir_slash_pwd
+    test_execdir_slashes
+    test_execdir_ulimit
+
+    test_executable
+
+    test_false
+
+    test_files0_from_file
+    test_files0_from_stdin
+    test_files0_from_none
+    test_files0_from_empty
+    test_files0_from_nowhere
+    test_files0_from_nothing
+    test_files0_from_ok
+
+    test_fls
+
+    test_follow
+
+    test_fprint
+    test_fprint_duplicate
+    test_fprint_error
+    test_fprint_noerror
+    test_fprint_noarg
+    test_fprint_nonexistent
+    test_fprint_truncate
+
+    test_fprint0
+
+    test_fprintf
+    test_fprintf_nofile
+    test_fprintf_noformat
+
+    test_fstype
+
+    test_gid
+    test_gid_plus
+    test_gid_plus_plus
+    test_gid_minus
+    test_gid_minus_plus
+
+    test_ignore_readdir_race
+    test_ignore_readdir_race_root
+    test_ignore_readdir_race_notdir
+
+    test_ilname
+    test_L_ilname
+
+    test_iname
+
+    test_inum
+    test_inum_mount
+    test_inum_bind_mount
+    test_inum_automount
+
+    test_ipath
+
+    test_iregex
+
+    test_iwholename
+
+    test_lname
+    test_L_lname
+
+    test_ls
+    test_L_ls
+
+    test_maxdepth
+
+    test_mindepth
+
+    test_mount
+    test_L_mount
+
+    test_name_slash
+    test_name_slashes
+
+    test_H_newer
+
+    test_newerma
+    test_newermt
+    test_newermt_epoch_minus_one
+
+    test_ok_closed_stdin
+    test_ok_nothing
+
+    test_okdir_closed_stdin
+    test_okdir_plus_semicolon
+
+    test_perm_000_slash
+    test_perm_222_slash
+    test_perm_644_slash
+    test_perm_symbolic_slash
+    test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic_slash
+
+    test_print_error
+
+    test_print0
+
+    test_printf
+    test_printf_empty
+    test_printf_slash
+    test_printf_slashes
+    test_printf_trailing_slash
+    test_printf_trailing_slashes
+    test_printf_flags
+    test_printf_types
+    test_printf_escapes
+    test_printf_times
+    test_printf_leak
+    test_printf_nul
+    test_printf_Y_error
+    test_printf_H
+    test_printf_u_g_ulimit
+    test_printf_l_nonlink
+
+    test_quit
+    test_quit_child
+    test_quit_depth
+    test_quit_depth_child
+    test_quit_after_print
+    test_quit_before_print
+
+    test_readable
+
+    test_regex
+    test_regex_parens
+    test_regex_error
+    test_regex_invalid_utf8
+
+    test_regextype_posix_basic
+    test_regextype_posix_extended
+    test_regextype_ed
+    test_regextype_emacs
+    test_regextype_grep
+    test_regextype_sed
+
+    test_samefile
+    test_samefile_symlink
+    test_H_samefile_symlink
+    test_L_samefile_symlink
+    test_samefile_broken
+    test_H_samefile_broken
+    test_L_samefile_broken
+    test_samefile_notdir
+    test_H_samefile_notdir
+    test_L_samefile_notdir
+
+    test_size_big
+
+    test_true
+
+    test_uid
+    test_uid_plus
+    test_uid_plus_plus
+    test_uid_minus
+    test_uid_minus_plus
+
+    test_wholename
+
+    test_writable
+
+    test_xtype_l
+    test_xtype_f
+    test_L_xtype_l
+    test_L_xtype_f
+    test_xtype_bind_mount
+
+    # Optimizer tests
+    test_and_purity
+    test_not_reachability
+    test_comma_reachability
+    test_and_false_or_true
+    test_comma_redundant_true
+    test_comma_redundant_false
+)
+
+bfs_tests=(
+    # General parsing
+    test_path_flag_expr
+    test_path_expr_flag
+    test_flag_expr_path
+    test_expr_flag_path
+    test_expr_path_flag
+
+    test_unexpected_operator
+
+    test_typo
+
+    # Flags
+
+    test_D_multi
+    test_D_all
+
+    test_O0
+    test_O1
+    test_O2
+    test_O3
+    test_Ofast
+
+    test_S_bfs
+    test_S_dfs
+    test_S_ids
+
+    # Special forms
+
+    test_exclude_name
+    test_exclude_depth
+    test_exclude_mindepth
+    test_exclude_print
+    test_exclude_exclude
+
+    # Primaries
+
+    test_capable
+    test_L_capable
+
+    test_color
+    test_color_L
+    test_color_rs_lc_rc_ec
+    test_color_escapes
+    test_color_nul
+    test_color_ln_target
+    test_color_L_ln_target
+    test_color_mh
+    test_color_mh0
+    test_color_or
+    test_color_mi
+    test_color_or_mi
+    test_color_or_mi0
+    test_color_or0_mi
+    test_color_or0_mi0
+    test_color_su_sg0
+    test_color_su0_sg
+    test_color_su0_sg0
+    test_color_st_tw_ow0
+    test_color_st_tw0_ow
+    test_color_st_tw0_ow0
+    test_color_st0_tw_ow
+    test_color_st0_tw_ow0
+    test_color_st0_tw0_ow
+    test_color_st0_tw0_ow0
+    test_color_ext
+    test_color_ext0
+    test_color_ext_override
+    test_color_ext_underride
+    test_color_missing_colon
+    test_color_no_stat
+    test_color_L_no_stat
+    test_color_star
+    test_color_ls
+
+    test_exec_flush_fprint
+    test_exec_flush_fprint_fail
+
+    test_execdir_plus
+
+    test_fprint_duplicate_stdout
+    test_fprint_error_stdout
+    test_fprint_error_stderr
+
+    test_help
+
+    test_hidden
+    test_hidden_root
+
+    test_links_noarg
+    test_links_empty
+    test_links_negative
+    test_links_invalid
+
+    test_newerma_nonexistent
+    test_newermt_invalid
+    test_newermq
+    test_newerqm
+
+    test_nohidden
+    test_nohidden_depth
+
+    test_perm_symbolic_trailing_comma
+    test_perm_symbolic_double_comma
+    test_perm_symbolic_missing_action
+    test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic
+
+    test_printf_w
+    test_printf_incomplete_escape
+    test_printf_invalid_escape
+    test_printf_incomplete_format
+    test_printf_invalid_format
+    test_printf_duplicate_flag
+    test_printf_must_be_numeric
+    test_printf_color
+
+    test_type_multi
+
+    test_unique
+    test_unique_depth
+    test_L_unique
+    test_L_unique_loops
+    test_L_unique_depth
+
+    test_version
+
+    test_xtype_multi
+
+    # Optimizer tests
+    test_data_flow_hidden
+    test_xtype_reorder
+    test_xtype_depth
+
+    # PATH_MAX handling
+    test_deep_strict
+
+    # Error handling
+    test_stderr_fails_silently
+    test_stderr_fails_loudly
+)
+
+if [ "$DEFAULT" ]; then
+    POSIX=yes
+    BSD=yes
+    GNU=yes
+    ALL=yes
+fi
+
+if [ ! "$EXPLICIT" ]; then
+    [ "$POSIX" ] && enabled_tests+=("${posix_tests[@]}")
+    [ "$BSD" ] && enabled_tests+=("${bsd_tests[@]}")
+    [ "$GNU" ] && enabled_tests+=("${gnu_tests[@]}")
+    [ "$ALL" ] && enabled_tests+=("${bfs_tests[@]}")
+fi
+
+eval "enabled_tests=($(printf '%q\n' "${enabled_tests[@]}" | sort -u))"
+
+function _realpath() {
+    (
+        cd "$(dirname -- "$1")"
+        echo "$PWD/$(basename -- "$1")"
+    )
+}
+
+TESTS=$(_realpath "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")")
+BIN=$(_realpath "$TESTS/../bin")
+
+# Try to resolve the path to $BFS before we cd, while also supporting
+# --bfs="./bin/bfs -S ids"
+read -a BFS <<<"${BFS:-$BIN/bfs}"
+BFS[0]=$(_realpath "$(command -v "${BFS[0]}")")
+
+# The temporary directory that will hold our test data
+TMP=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}"/bfs.XXXXXXXXXX)
+chown "$(id -u):$(id -g)" "$TMP"
+
+# Clean up temporary directories on exit
+function cleanup() {
+    # Don't force rm to deal with long paths
+    for dir in "$TMP"/deep/*/*; do
+        if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+            (cd "$dir" && rm -rf *)
+        fi
+    done
+
+    # In case a test left anything weird in scratch/
+    if [ -e "$TMP"/scratch ]; then
+        chmod -R +rX "$TMP"/scratch
+    fi
+
+    rm -rf "$TMP"
+}
+
+if [ "$CLEAN" ]; then
+    trap cleanup EXIT
+else
+    echo "Test files saved to $TMP"
+fi
+
+# Install a file, creating any parent directories
+function installp() {
+    local target="${@: -1}"
+    mkdir -p "${target%/*}"
+    install "$@"
+}
+
+# Prefer GNU touch to work around https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/425730/397839
+if command -v gtouch &>/dev/null; then
+    TOUCH=gtouch
+else
+    TOUCH=touch
+fi
+
+# Like a mythical touch -p
+function touchp() {
+    for arg; do
+        installp -m644 /dev/null "$arg"
+    done
+}
+
+# Creates a simple file+directory structure for tests
+function make_basic() {
+    touchp "$1/a"
+    touchp "$1/b"
+    touchp "$1/c/d"
+    touchp "$1/e/f"
+    mkdir -p "$1/g/h"
+    mkdir -p "$1/i"
+    touchp "$1/j/foo"
+    touchp "$1/k/foo/bar"
+    touchp "$1/l/foo/bar/baz"
+    echo baz >"$1/l/foo/bar/baz"
+}
+make_basic "$TMP/basic"
+
+# Creates a file+directory structure with various permissions for tests
+function make_perms() {
+    installp -m000 /dev/null "$1/0"
+    installp -m444 /dev/null "$1/r"
+    installp -m222 /dev/null "$1/w"
+    installp -m644 /dev/null "$1/rw"
+    installp -m555 /dev/null "$1/rx"
+    installp -m311 /dev/null "$1/wx"
+    installp -m755 /dev/null "$1/rwx"
+}
+make_perms "$TMP/perms"
+
+# Creates a file+directory structure with various symbolic and hard links
+function make_links() {
+    touchp "$1/file"
+    ln -s file "$1/symlink"
+    ln "$1/file" "$1/hardlink"
+    ln -s nowhere "$1/broken"
+    ln -s symlink/file "$1/notdir"
+    mkdir -p "$1/deeply/nested/dir"
+    touchp "$1/deeply/nested/file"
+    ln -s file "$1/deeply/nested/link"
+    ln -s nowhere "$1/deeply/nested/broken"
+    ln -s deeply/nested "$1/skip"
+}
+make_links "$TMP/links"
+
+# Creates a file+directory structure with symbolic link loops
+function make_loops() {
+    touchp "$1/file"
+    ln -s file "$1/symlink"
+    ln -s nowhere "$1/broken"
+    ln -s symlink/file "$1/notdir"
+    ln -s loop "$1/loop"
+    mkdir -p "$1/deeply/nested/dir"
+    ln -s ../../deeply "$1/deeply/nested/loop"
+    ln -s deeply/nested/loop/nested "$1/skip"
+}
+make_loops "$TMP/loops"
+
+# Creates a file+directory structure with varying timestamps
+function make_times() {
+    mkdir -p "$1"
+    $TOUCH -t 199112140000 "$1/a"
+    $TOUCH -t 199112140001 "$1/b"
+    $TOUCH -t 199112140002 "$1/c"
+    ln -s a "$1/l"
+    $TOUCH -h -t 199112140003 "$1/l"
+    $TOUCH -t 199112140004 "$1"
+}
+make_times "$TMP/times"
+
+# Creates a file+directory structure with various weird file/directory names
+function make_weirdnames() {
+    touchp "$1/-/a"
+    touchp "$1/(/b"
+    touchp "$1/(-/c"
+    touchp "$1/!/d"
+    touchp "$1/!-/e"
+    touchp "$1/,/f"
+    touchp "$1/)/g"
+    touchp "$1/.../h"
+    touchp "$1/\\/i"
+    touchp "$1/ /j"
+    touchp "$1/[/k"
+}
+make_weirdnames "$TMP/weirdnames"
+
+# Creates a very deep directory structure for testing PATH_MAX handling
+function make_deep() {
+    mkdir -p "$1"
+
+    # $name will be 255 characters, aka _XOPEN_NAME_MAX
+    local name="0123456789ABCDEF"
+    name="${name}${name}${name}${name}"
+    name="${name}${name}${name}${name}"
+    name="${name:0:255}"
+
+    for i in {0..9} A B C D E F; do
+        (
+            mkdir "$1/$i"
+            cd "$1/$i"
+
+            # 16 * 256 == 4096 == PATH_MAX
+            for _ in {1..16}; do
+                mkdir "$name"
+                cd "$name" 2>/dev/null
+            done
+
+            $TOUCH "$name"
+        )
+    done
+}
+make_deep "$TMP/deep"
+
+# Creates a directory structure with many different types, and therefore colors
+function make_rainbow() {
+    touchp "$1/file.txt"
+    touchp "$1/file.dat"
+    touchp "$1/star".{gz,tar,tar.gz}
+    ln -s file.txt "$1/link.txt"
+    touchp "$1/mh1"
+    ln "$1/mh1" "$1/mh2"
+    mkfifo "$1/pipe"
+    # TODO: block
+    ln -s /dev/null "$1/chardev_link"
+    ln -s nowhere "$1/broken"
+    "$BIN/tests/mksock" "$1/socket"
+    touchp "$1"/s{u,g,ug}id
+    chmod u+s "$1"/su{,g}id
+    chmod g+s "$1"/s{u,}gid
+    mkdir "$1/ow" "$1"/sticky{,_ow}
+    chmod o+w "$1"/*ow
+    chmod +t "$1"/sticky*
+    touchp "$1"/exec.sh
+    chmod +x "$1"/exec.sh
+}
+make_rainbow "$TMP/rainbow"
+
+# Creates a scratch directory that tests can modify
+function make_scratch() {
+    mkdir -p "$1"
+}
+make_scratch "$TMP/scratch"
+
+# Close stdin so bfs doesn't think we're interactive
+exec </dev/null
+
+if [ "$VERBOSE_COMMANDS" ]; then
+    # dup stdout for verbose logging even when redirected
+    exec 3>&1
+fi
+
+function bfs_verbose() {
+    if [ "$VERBOSE_COMMANDS" ]; then
+        if [ -t 3 ]; then
+            printf "${GRN}%q${RST} " "${BFS[@]}" >&3
+
+            local expr_started=
+            for arg; do
+                if [[ $arg == -[A-Z]* ]]; then
+                    printf "${CYN}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                elif [[ $arg == [\(!] || $arg == -[ao] || $arg == -and || $arg == -or || $arg == -not ]]; then
+                    expr_started=yes
+                    printf "${RED}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                elif [[ $expr_started && $arg == [\),] ]]; then
+                    printf "${RED}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                elif [[ $arg == -?* ]]; then
+                    expr_started=yes
+                    printf "${BLU}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                elif [ "$expr_started" ]; then
+                    printf "${BLD}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                else
+                    printf "${MAG}%q${RST} " "$arg" >&3
+                fi
+            done
+        else
+            printf '%q ' "${BFS[@]}" "$@" >&3
+        fi
+        printf '\n' >&3
+    fi
+}
+
+function invoke_bfs() {
+    bfs_verbose "$@"
+    "${BFS[@]}" "$@"
+}
+
+# Expect a command to fail, but not crash
+function fail() {
+    "$@"
+    local STATUS="$?"
+
+    if ((STATUS > 125)); then
+        exit "$STATUS"
+    elif ((STATUS > 0)); then
+        return 0
+    else
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# Detect colored diff support
+if [ -t 2 ] && diff --color=always /dev/null /dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    DIFF="diff --color=always"
+else
+    DIFF="diff"
+fi
+
+# Return value when bfs fails
+EX_BFS=10
+# Return value when a difference is detected
+EX_DIFF=20
+# Return value when a test is skipped
+EX_SKIP=77
+
+function bfs_diff() (
+    bfs_verbose "$@"
+
+    # Close the dup()'d stdout to make sure we have enough fd's for the process
+    # substitution, even with low ulimit -n
+    exec 3>&-
+
+    local CALLER
+    for CALLER in "${FUNCNAME[@]}"; do
+        if [[ $CALLER == test_* ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+    done
+
+    local EXPECTED="$TESTS/$CALLER.out"
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        local ACTUAL="$EXPECTED"
+    else
+        local ACTUAL="$TMP/$CALLER.out"
+    fi
+
+    "${BFS[@]}" "$@" | sort >"$ACTUAL"
+    local STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+
+    if [ ! "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        $DIFF -u "$EXPECTED" "$ACTUAL" >&2 || return $EX_DIFF
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$STATUS" -eq 0 ]; then
+        return 0
+    else
+        return $EX_BFS
+    fi
+)
+
+function skip() {
+    exit $EX_SKIP
+}
+
+function skip_if() {
+    if "$@"; then
+        skip
+    fi
+}
+
+function skip_unless() {
+    skip_if fail "$@"
+}
+
+function closefrom() {
+    if [ -d /proc/self/fd ]; then
+        local fds=/proc/self/fd
+    else
+        local fds=/dev/fd
+    fi
+
+    for fd in "$fds"/*; do
+        if [ ! -e "$fd" ]; then
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        local fd="${fd##*/}"
+        if [ "$fd" -ge "$1" ]; then
+            eval "exec ${fd}<&-"
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+function inum() {
+    ls -id "$@" | awk '{ print $1 }'
+}
+
+
+cd "$TMP"
+set +e
+
+# Test cases
+
+function test_basic() {
+    bfs_diff basic
+}
+
+function test_type_d() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type d
+}
+
+function test_type_f() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type f
+}
+
+function test_type_l() {
+    bfs_diff links/skip -type l
+}
+
+function test_H_type_l() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/skip -type l
+}
+
+function test_L_type_l() {
+    bfs_diff -L links/skip -type l
+}
+
+function test_type_multi() {
+    bfs_diff links -type f,d,c
+}
+
+function test_mindepth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -mindepth 1
+}
+
+function test_maxdepth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 1
+}
+
+function test_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_slash() {
+    bfs_diff basic/ -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_mindepth_1() {
+    bfs_diff basic -mindepth 1 -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_mindepth_2() {
+    bfs_diff basic -mindepth 2 -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_maxdepth_1() {
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 1 -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_maxdepth_2() {
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 2 -depth
+}
+
+function test_depth_error() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    touchp scratch/foo/bar
+    chmod a-r scratch/foo
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -depth
+    local ret=$?
+
+    chmod +r scratch/foo
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    [ $ret -eq $EX_BFS ]
+}
+
+function test_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name '*f*'
+}
+
+function test_name_root() {
+    bfs_diff basic/a -name a
+}
+
+function test_name_root_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g -depth -name g
+}
+
+function test_name_trailing_slash() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g/ -name g
+}
+
+function test_name_slash() {
+    bfs_diff / -maxdepth 0 -name /
+}
+
+function test_name_slashes() {
+    bfs_diff /// -maxdepth 0 -name /
+}
+
+function test_name_star_star() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name '**f**'
+}
+
+function test_name_character_class() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name '[e-g][!a-n][!p-z]'
+}
+
+function test_name_bracket() {
+    # fnmatch() is broken on macOS
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    # An unclosed [ should be matched literally
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -name '['
+}
+
+function test_name_backslash() {
+    # An unescaped \ doesn't match
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -name '\'
+}
+
+function test_name_double_backslash() {
+    # An escaped \\ matches
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -name '\\'
+}
+
+function test_path() {
+    bfs_diff basic -path 'basic/*f*'
+}
+
+function test_wholename() {
+    bfs_diff basic -wholename 'basic/*f*'
+}
+
+function test_true() {
+    bfs_diff basic -true
+}
+
+function test_false() {
+    bfs_diff basic -false
+}
+
+function test_executable() {
+    bfs_diff perms -executable
+}
+
+function test_readable() {
+    bfs_diff perms -readable
+}
+
+function test_writable() {
+    bfs_diff perms -writable
+}
+
+function test_empty() {
+    bfs_diff basic -empty
+}
+
+function test_empty_special() {
+    bfs_diff rainbow -empty
+}
+
+function test_gid() {
+    bfs_diff basic -gid "$(id -g)"
+}
+
+function test_gid_plus() {
+    skip_if test "$(id -g)" -eq 0
+    bfs_diff basic -gid +0
+}
+
+function test_gid_plus_plus() {
+    skip_if test "$(id -g)" -eq 0
+    bfs_diff basic -gid ++0
+}
+
+function test_gid_minus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -gid "-$(($(id -g) + 1))"
+}
+
+function test_gid_minus_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -gid "-+$(($(id -g) + 1))"
+}
+
+function test_uid() {
+    bfs_diff basic -uid "$(id -u)"
+}
+
+function test_uid_plus() {
+    skip_if test "$(id -u)" -eq 0
+    bfs_diff basic -uid +0
+}
+
+function test_uid_plus_plus() {
+    skip_if test "$(id -u)" -eq 0
+    bfs_diff basic -uid ++0
+}
+
+function test_uid_minus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -uid "-$(($(id -u) + 1))"
+}
+
+function test_uid_minus_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -uid "-+$(($(id -u) + 1))"
+}
+
+function test_newer() {
+    bfs_diff times -newer times/a
+}
+
+function test_newer_link() {
+    bfs_diff times -newer times/l
+}
+
+function test_anewer() {
+    bfs_diff times -anewer times/a
+}
+
+function test_asince() {
+    bfs_diff times -asince 1991-12-14T00:01
+}
+
+function test_links() {
+    bfs_diff links -type f -links 2
+}
+
+function test_links_plus() {
+    bfs_diff links -type f -links +1
+}
+
+function test_links_minus() {
+    bfs_diff links -type f -links -2
+}
+
+function test_links_noarg() {
+    fail invoke_bfs links -links
+}
+
+function test_links_empty() {
+    fail invoke_bfs links -links ''
+}
+
+function test_links_negative() {
+    fail invoke_bfs links -links +-1
+}
+
+function test_links_invalid() {
+    fail invoke_bfs links -links ASDF
+}
+
+function test_P() {
+    bfs_diff -P links/deeply/nested/dir
+}
+
+function test_P_slash() {
+    bfs_diff -P links/deeply/nested/dir/
+}
+
+function test_H() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/deeply/nested/dir
+}
+
+function test_H_slash() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/deeply/nested/dir/
+}
+
+function test_H_broken() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/broken
+}
+
+function test_H_notdir() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/notdir
+}
+
+function test_H_newer() {
+    bfs_diff -H times -newer times/l
+}
+
+function test_H_loops() {
+    bfs_diff -H loops/deeply/nested/loop
+}
+
+function test_L() {
+    bfs_diff -L links
+}
+
+function test_L_broken() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/broken
+}
+
+function test_L_notdir() {
+    bfs_diff -H links/notdir
+}
+
+function test_L_loops() {
+    # POSIX says it's okay to either stop or keep going on seeing a filesystem
+    # loop, as long as a diagnostic is printed
+    local errors=$(invoke_bfs -L loops 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+    [ -n "$errors" ]
+}
+
+function test_L_loops_continue() {
+    bfs_diff -L loops
+    [ $? -eq $EX_BFS ]
+}
+
+function test_X() {
+    bfs_diff -X weirdnames
+    [ $? -eq $EX_BFS ]
+}
+
+function test_follow() {
+    bfs_diff links -follow
+}
+
+function test_L_depth() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -depth
+}
+
+function test_samefile() {
+    bfs_diff links -samefile links/file
+}
+
+function test_samefile_symlink() {
+    bfs_diff links -samefile links/symlink
+}
+
+function test_H_samefile_symlink() {
+    bfs_diff -H links -samefile links/symlink
+}
+
+function test_L_samefile_symlink() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -samefile links/symlink
+}
+
+function test_samefile_broken() {
+    bfs_diff links -samefile links/broken
+}
+
+function test_H_samefile_broken() {
+    bfs_diff -H links -samefile links/broken
+}
+
+function test_L_samefile_broken() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -samefile links/broken
+}
+
+function test_samefile_notdir() {
+    bfs_diff links -samefile links/notdir
+}
+
+function test_H_samefile_notdir() {
+    bfs_diff -H links -samefile links/notdir
+}
+
+function test_L_samefile_notdir() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -samefile links/notdir
+}
+
+function test_xtype_l() {
+    bfs_diff links -xtype l
+}
+
+function test_xtype_f() {
+    bfs_diff links -xtype f
+}
+
+function test_L_xtype_l() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -xtype l
+}
+
+function test_L_xtype_f() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -xtype f
+}
+
+function test_xtype_multi() {
+    bfs_diff links -xtype f,d,c
+}
+
+function test_xtype_reorder() {
+    # Make sure -xtype is not reordered in front of anything -- if -xtype runs
+    # before -links 100, it will report an ELOOP error
+    bfs_diff loops -links 100 -xtype l
+    invoke_bfs loops -links 100 -xtype l
+}
+
+function test_xtype_depth() {
+    # Make sure -xtype is considered side-effecting for facts_when_impure
+    fail invoke_bfs loops -xtype l -depth 100
+}
+
+function test_iname() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -quit -iname PATTERN
+    bfs_diff basic -iname '*F*'
+}
+
+function test_ipath() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -quit -ipath PATTERN
+    bfs_diff basic -ipath 'basic/*F*'
+}
+
+function test_iwholename() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -quit -iwholename PATTERN
+    bfs_diff basic -iwholename 'basic/*F*'
+}
+
+function test_lname() {
+    bfs_diff links -lname '[aq]'
+}
+
+function test_ilname() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -quit -ilname PATTERN
+    bfs_diff links -ilname '[AQ]'
+}
+
+function test_L_lname() {
+    bfs_diff -L links -lname '[aq]'
+}
+
+function test_L_ilname() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -quit -ilname PATTERN
+    bfs_diff -L links -ilname '[AQ]'
+}
+
+function test_user_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -user "$(id -un)"
+}
+
+function test_user_id() {
+    bfs_diff basic -user "$(id -u)"
+}
+
+function test_user_nouser() {
+    # Regression test: this was wrongly optimized to -false
+    bfs_diff basic -user "$(id -u)" \! -nouser
+}
+
+function test_group_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -group "$(id -gn)"
+}
+
+function test_group_id() {
+    bfs_diff basic -group "$(id -g)"
+}
+
+function test_group_nogroup() {
+    # Regression test: this was wrongly optimized to -false
+    bfs_diff basic -group "$(id -g)" \! -nogroup
+}
+
+function test_daystart() {
+    bfs_diff basic -daystart -mtime 0
+}
+
+function test_daystart_twice() {
+    bfs_diff basic -daystart -daystart -mtime 0
+}
+
+function test_newerma() {
+    bfs_diff times -newerma times/a
+}
+
+function test_newermt() {
+    bfs_diff times -newermt 1991-12-14T00:01
+}
+
+function test_newermt_epoch_minus_one() {
+    bfs_diff times -newermt 1969-12-31T23:59:59Z
+}
+
+function test_newermt_invalid() {
+    fail invoke_bfs times -newermt not_a_date_time
+}
+
+function test_newerma_nonexistent() {
+    fail invoke_bfs times -newerma basic/nonexistent
+}
+
+function test_newermq() {
+    fail invoke_bfs times -newermq times/a
+}
+
+function test_newerqm() {
+    fail invoke_bfs times -newerqm times/a
+}
+
+function test_size() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type f -size 0
+}
+
+function test_size_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type f -size +0
+}
+
+function test_size_bytes() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type f -size +0c
+}
+
+function test_size_big() {
+    bfs_diff basic -size 9223372036854775807
+}
+
+function test_exec() {
+    bfs_diff basic -exec echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_nothing() {
+    # Regression test: don't segfault on missing command
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -exec \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -exec "$TESTS/sort-args.sh" {} +
+}
+
+function test_exec_plus_status() {
+    # -exec ... {} + should always return true, but if the command fails, bfs
+    # should exit with a non-zero status
+    bfs_diff basic -exec false {} + -print
+    (($? == EX_BFS))
+}
+
+function test_exec_plus_semicolon() {
+    # POSIX says:
+    #     Only a <plus-sign> that immediately follows an argument containing only the two characters "{}"
+    #     shall punctuate the end of the primary expression. Other uses of the <plus-sign> shall not be
+    #     treated as special.
+    bfs_diff basic -exec echo foo {} bar + baz \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_substring() {
+    bfs_diff basic -exec echo '-{}-' \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_flush() {
+    # IO streams should be flushed before executing programs
+    bfs_diff basic -print0 -exec echo found \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_flush_fail() {
+    # Failure to flush streams before exec should be caught
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -print0 -exec true \; >/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_exec_flush_fprint() {
+    # Even non-stdstreams should be flushed
+    bfs_diff basic/a -fprint scratch/foo -exec cat scratch/foo \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_flush_fprint_fail() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic/a -fprint /dev/full -exec true \;
+}
+
+function test_exec_plus_flush() {
+    bfs_diff basic/a -print0 -exec echo found {} +
+}
+
+function test_exec_plus_flush_fail() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic/a -print0 -exec echo found {} + >/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_execdir() {
+    bfs_diff basic -execdir echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_plus() {
+    local tree=$(invoke_bfs -D tree 2>&1 -quit)
+
+    if [[ "$tree" == *"-S dfs"* ]]; then
+        skip
+    fi
+
+    bfs_diff basic -execdir "$TESTS/sort-args.sh" {} +
+}
+
+function test_execdir_substring() {
+    bfs_diff basic -execdir echo '-{}-' \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_plus_semicolon() {
+    bfs_diff basic -execdir echo foo {} bar + baz \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_pwd() {
+    local TMP_REAL=$(cd "$TMP" && pwd)
+    local OFFSET=$((${#TMP_REAL} + 2))
+    bfs_diff basic -execdir bash -c "pwd | cut -b$OFFSET-" \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_slash() {
+    # Don't prepend ./ for absolute paths in -execdir
+    bfs_diff / -maxdepth 0 -execdir echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_slash_pwd() {
+    bfs_diff / -maxdepth 0 -execdir pwd \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_slashes() {
+    bfs_diff /// -maxdepth 0 -execdir echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_execdir_ulimit() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir -p scratch/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z
+    mkdir -p scratch/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/A/B/C
+
+    closefrom 4
+    ulimit -n 13
+    bfs_diff scratch -execdir echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_weird_names() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff '-' '(-' '!-' ',' ')' './(' './!' \( \! -print -o -print \)
+}
+
+function test_flag_weird_names() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -L '-' '(-' '!-' ',' ')' './(' './!' \( \! -print -o -print \)
+}
+
+function test_flag_comma() {
+    # , is a filename until a non-flag is seen
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -L ',' -print
+}
+
+function test_follow_comma() {
+    # , is an operator after a non-flag is seen
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -follow ',' -print
+}
+
+function test_fprint() {
+    invoke_bfs basic -fprint scratch/test_fprint.out
+    sort -o scratch/test_fprint.out scratch/test_fprint.out
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {scratch,"$TESTS"}/test_fprint.out
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS",scratch}/test_fprint.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_fprint_duplicate() {
+    touchp scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.out
+    ln scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.out scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.hard
+    ln -s test_fprint_duplicate.out scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.soft
+
+    invoke_bfs basic -fprint scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.out -fprint scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.hard -fprint scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.soft
+    sort -o scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.out scratch/test_fprint_duplicate.out
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {scratch,"$TESTS"}/test_fprint_duplicate.out
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS",scratch}/test_fprint_duplicate.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_fprint_duplicate_stdout() {
+    touchp scratch/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out
+
+    invoke_bfs basic -fprint scratch/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out -print >scratch/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out
+    sort -o scratch/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out{,}
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {scratch,"$TESTS"}/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS",scratch}/test_fprint_duplicate_stdout.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_fprint_noarg() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -fprint
+}
+
+function test_fprint_nonexistent() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -fprint scratch/nonexistent/path
+}
+
+function test_fprint_truncate() {
+    printf "basic\nbasic\n" >scratch/test_fprint_truncate.out
+
+    invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 -fprint scratch/test_fprint_truncate.out
+    sort -o scratch/test_fprint_truncate.out scratch/test_fprint_truncate.out
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {scratch,"$TESTS"}/test_fprint_truncate.out
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS",scratch}/test_fprint_truncate.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_double_dash() {
+    cd basic
+    bfs_diff -- . -type f
+}
+
+function test_flag_double_dash() {
+    cd basic
+    bfs_diff -L -- . -type f
+}
+
+function test_ignore_readdir_race() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    $TOUCH scratch/{foo,bar}
+
+    # -links 1 forces a stat() call, which will fail for the second file
+    invoke_bfs scratch -mindepth 1 -ignore_readdir_race -links 1 -exec "$TESTS/remove-sibling.sh" {} \;
+}
+
+function test_ignore_readdir_race_root() {
+    # Make sure -ignore_readdir_race doesn't suppress ENOENT at the root
+    fail invoke_bfs basic/nonexistent -ignore_readdir_race
+}
+
+function test_ignore_readdir_race_notdir() {
+    # Check -ignore_readdir_race handling when a directory is replaced with a file
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    touchp scratch/foo/bar
+
+    invoke_bfs scratch -mindepth 1 -ignore_readdir_race -execdir rm -r {} \; -execdir $TOUCH {} \;
+}
+
+function test_perm_000() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm 000
+}
+
+function test_perm_000_minus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm -000
+}
+
+function test_perm_000_slash() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm /000
+}
+
+function test_perm_000_plus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm +000
+}
+
+function test_perm_222() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm 222
+}
+
+function test_perm_222_minus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm -222
+}
+
+function test_perm_222_slash() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm /222
+}
+
+function test_perm_222_plus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm +222
+}
+
+function test_perm_644() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm 644
+}
+
+function test_perm_644_minus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm -644
+}
+
+function test_perm_644_slash() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm /644
+}
+
+function test_perm_644_plus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm +644
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm a+r,u=wX,g+wX-w
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic_minus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm -a+r,u=wX,g+wX-w
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic_slash() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm /a+r,u=wX,g+wX-w
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic_trailing_comma() {
+    fail invoke_bfs perms -perm a+r,
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic_double_comma() {
+    fail invoke_bfs perms -perm a+r,,u+w
+}
+
+function test_perm_symbolic_missing_action() {
+    fail invoke_bfs perms -perm a
+}
+
+function test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm +rwx
+}
+
+function test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic_minus() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm -+rwx
+}
+
+function test_perm_leading_plus_symbolic_slash() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm /+rwx
+}
+
+function test_permcopy() {
+    bfs_diff perms -perm u+rw,g+u-w,o=g
+}
+
+function test_perm_setid() {
+    bfs_diff rainbow -perm -u+s -o -perm -g+s
+}
+
+function test_perm_sticky() {
+    bfs_diff rainbow -perm -a+t
+}
+
+function test_prune() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -prune
+}
+
+function test_prune_file() {
+    bfs_diff basic -print -name '?' -prune
+}
+
+function test_prune_or_print() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -prune -o -print
+}
+
+function test_not_prune() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! \( -name foo -prune \)
+}
+
+function test_ok_nothing() {
+    # Regression test: don't segfault on missing command
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -ok \;
+}
+
+function test_ok_stdin() {
+    # -ok should *not* close stdin
+    # See https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?24561
+    yes | bfs_diff basic -ok bash -c 'printf "%s? " "$1" && head -n1' bash {} \;
+}
+
+function test_okdir_stdin() {
+    # -okdir should *not* close stdin
+    yes | bfs_diff basic -okdir bash -c 'printf "%s? " "$1" && head -n1' bash {} \;
+}
+
+function test_ok_plus_semicolon() {
+    yes | bfs_diff basic -ok echo {} + \;
+}
+
+function test_okdir_plus_semicolon() {
+    yes | bfs_diff basic -okdir echo {} + \;
+}
+
+function test_delete() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    touchp scratch/foo/bar/baz
+
+    # Don't try to delete '.'
+    (cd scratch && invoke_bfs . -delete)
+
+    bfs_diff scratch
+}
+
+function test_delete_many() {
+    # Test for https://github.com/tavianator/bfs/issues/67
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/foo
+    $TOUCH scratch/foo/{1..256}
+
+    invoke_bfs scratch/foo -delete
+    bfs_diff scratch
+}
+
+function test_L_delete() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/foo
+    mkdir scratch/bar
+    ln -s ../foo scratch/bar/baz
+
+    # Don't try to rmdir() a symlink
+    invoke_bfs -L scratch/bar -delete || return 1
+
+    bfs_diff scratch
+}
+
+function test_rm() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    touchp scratch/foo/bar/baz
+
+    (cd scratch && invoke_bfs . -rm)
+
+    bfs_diff scratch
+}
+
+function test_regex() {
+    bfs_diff basic -regex 'basic/./.'
+}
+
+function test_iregex() {
+    bfs_diff basic -iregex 'basic/[A-Z]/[a-z]'
+}
+
+function test_regex_parens() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff . -regex '\./\((\)'
+}
+
+function test_regex_error() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -regex '['
+}
+
+function test_regex_invalid_utf8() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    # Incomplete UTF-8 sequences
+    skip_unless touch scratch/$'\xC3'
+    skip_unless touch scratch/$'\xE2\x84'
+    skip_unless touch scratch/$'\xF0\x9F\x92'
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -regex 'scratch/..'
+}
+
+function test_E() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -E . -regex '\./(\()'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_posix_basic() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -regextype posix-basic -regex '\./\((\)'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_posix_extended() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -regextype posix-extended -regex '\./(\()'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_ed() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -regextype ed -regex '\./\((\)'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_emacs() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -regextype emacs -quit
+
+    bfs_diff basic -regextype emacs -regex '.*/\(f+o?o?\|bar\)'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_grep() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs -regextype grep -quit
+
+    bfs_diff basic -regextype grep -regex '.*/f\+o\?o\?'
+}
+
+function test_regextype_sed() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -regextype sed -regex '\./\((\)'
+}
+
+function test_d_path() {
+    bfs_diff -d basic
+}
+
+function test_path_d() {
+    bfs_diff basic -d
+}
+
+function test_f() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff -f '-' -f '('
+}
+
+function test_s() {
+    invoke_bfs -s weirdnames -maxdepth 1 >"$TMP/test_s.out"
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {"$TMP","$TESTS"}/test_s.out
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS","$TMP"}/test_s.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_hidden() {
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -hidden
+}
+
+function test_hidden_root() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    bfs_diff . ./. ... ./... .../.. -hidden
+}
+
+function test_nohidden() {
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -nohidden
+}
+
+function test_nohidden_depth() {
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -depth -nohidden
+}
+
+function test_depth_n() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth 2
+}
+
+function test_depth_n_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth +2
+}
+
+function test_depth_n_minus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -2
+}
+
+function test_depth_depth_n() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -depth 2
+}
+
+function test_depth_depth_n_plus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -depth +2
+}
+
+function test_depth_depth_n_minus() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -depth -2
+}
+
+function test_depth_overflow() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -4294967296
+}
+
+function test_gid_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -gid "$(id -gn)"
+}
+
+function test_uid_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -uid "$(id -un)"
+}
+
+function test_mnewer() {
+    bfs_diff times -mnewer times/a
+}
+
+function test_H_mnewer() {
+    bfs_diff -H times -mnewer times/l
+}
+
+function test_msince() {
+    bfs_diff times -msince 1991-12-14T00:01
+}
+
+function test_mtime_units() {
+    bfs_diff times -mtime +500w400d300h200m100s
+}
+
+function test_size_T() {
+    bfs_diff basic -type f -size 1T
+}
+
+function test_quit() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g -print -name g -quit
+}
+
+function test_quit_child() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g -print -name h -quit
+}
+
+function test_quit_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g -depth -print -name g -quit
+}
+
+function test_quit_depth_child() {
+    bfs_diff basic/g -depth -print -name h -quit
+}
+
+function test_quit_after_print() {
+    bfs_diff basic basic -print -quit
+}
+
+function test_quit_before_print() {
+    bfs_diff basic basic -quit -print
+}
+
+function test_quit_implicit_print() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name basic -o -quit
+}
+
+function test_inum() {
+    bfs_diff basic -inum "$(inum basic/k/foo/bar)"
+}
+
+function test_nogroup() {
+    bfs_diff basic -nogroup
+}
+
+function test_nogroup_ulimit() {
+    closefrom 4
+    ulimit -n 16
+    bfs_diff deep -nogroup
+}
+
+function test_nouser() {
+    bfs_diff basic -nouser
+}
+
+function test_nouser_ulimit() {
+    closefrom 4
+    ulimit -n 16
+    bfs_diff deep -nouser
+}
+
+function test_ls() {
+    invoke_bfs rainbow -ls >scratch/test_ls.out
+}
+
+function test_L_ls() {
+    invoke_bfs -L rainbow -ls >scratch/test_L_ls.out
+}
+
+function test_fls() {
+    invoke_bfs rainbow -fls scratch/test_fls.out
+}
+
+function test_printf() {
+    bfs_diff basic -printf '%%p(%p) %%d(%d) %%f(%f) %%h(%h) %%H(%H) %%P(%P) %%m(%m) %%M(%M) %%y(%y)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_empty() {
+    bfs_diff basic -printf ''
+}
+
+function test_printf_slash() {
+    bfs_diff / -maxdepth 0 -printf '(%h)/(%f)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_slashes() {
+    bfs_diff /// -maxdepth 0 -printf '(%h)/(%f)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_trailing_slash() {
+    bfs_diff basic/ -printf '(%h)/(%f)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_trailing_slashes() {
+    bfs_diff basic/// -printf '(%h)/(%f)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_flags() {
+    bfs_diff basic -printf '|%- 10.10p| %+03d %#4m\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_types() {
+    bfs_diff loops -printf '(%p) (%l) %y %Y\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_escapes() {
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 0 -printf '\18\118\1118\11118\n\cfoo'
+}
+
+function test_printf_times() {
+    bfs_diff times -type f -printf '%p | %a %AY-%Am-%Ad %AH:%AI:%AS %T@ | %t %TY-%Tm-%Td %TH:%TI:%TS %T@\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_leak() {
+    # Memory leak regression test
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 0 -printf '%p'
+}
+
+function test_printf_nul() {
+    # NUL byte regression test
+    bfs_diff basic -maxdepth 0 -printf '%h\0%f\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_w() {
+    # Birth times may not be supported, so just check that %w/%W/%B can be parsed
+    bfs_diff times -false -printf '%w %WY %BY\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_Y_error() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/foo
+    chmod -x scratch/foo
+    ln -s foo/bar scratch/bar
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -printf '(%p) (%l) %y %Y\n'
+    local ret=$?
+
+    chmod +x scratch/foo
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    [ $ret -eq $EX_BFS ]
+}
+
+function test_printf_H() {
+    bfs_diff basic links -printf '%%p(%p) %%d(%d) %%f(%f) %%h(%h) %%H(%H) %%P(%P) %%y(%y)\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_u_g_ulimit() {
+    closefrom 4
+    ulimit -n 16
+    [ "$(invoke_bfs deep -printf '%u %g\n' | uniq)" = "$(id -un) $(id -gn)" ]
+}
+
+function test_printf_l_nonlink() {
+    bfs_diff links -printf '| %26p -> %-26l |\n'
+}
+
+function test_printf_incomplete_escape() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '\'
+}
+
+function test_printf_invalid_escape() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '\!'
+}
+
+function test_printf_incomplete_format() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '%'
+}
+
+function test_printf_invalid_format() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '%!'
+}
+
+function test_printf_duplicate_flag() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '%--p'
+}
+
+function test_printf_must_be_numeric() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -printf '%+p'
+}
+
+function test_printf_color() {
+    bfs_diff -color -path './rainbow*' -printf '%H %h %f %p %P %l\n'
+}
+
+function test_fprintf() {
+    invoke_bfs basic -fprintf scratch/test_fprintf.out '%%p(%p) %%d(%d) %%f(%f) %%h(%h) %%H(%H) %%P(%P) %%m(%m) %%M(%M) %%y(%y)\n'
+    sort -o scratch/test_fprintf.out scratch/test_fprintf.out
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp scratch/test_fprintf.out "$TESTS/test_fprintf.out"
+    else
+        $DIFF -u "$TESTS/test_fprintf.out" scratch/test_fprintf.out
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_fprintf_nofile() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -fprintf
+}
+
+function test_fprintf_noformat() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -fprintf /dev/null
+}
+
+function test_fstype() {
+    fstype=$(invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 -printf '%F\n')
+    bfs_diff basic -fstype "$fstype"
+}
+
+function test_path_flag_expr() {
+    bfs_diff links/skip -H -type l
+}
+
+function test_path_expr_flag() {
+    bfs_diff links/skip -type l -H
+}
+
+function test_flag_expr_path() {
+    bfs_diff -H -type l links/skip
+}
+
+function test_expr_flag_path() {
+    bfs_diff -type l -H links/skip
+}
+
+function test_expr_path_flag() {
+    bfs_diff -type l links/skip -H
+}
+
+function test_parens() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -name '*f*' \)
+}
+
+function test_bang() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! -name foo
+}
+
+function test_not() {
+    bfs_diff basic -not -name foo
+}
+
+function test_implicit_and() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -type d
+}
+
+function test_a() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -a -type d
+}
+
+function test_and() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -and -type d
+}
+
+function test_o() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -o -type d
+}
+
+function test_or() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name foo -or -type d
+}
+
+function test_comma() {
+    bfs_diff basic -name '*f*' -print , -print
+}
+
+function test_precedence() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -name foo -type d -o -name bar -a -type f \) -print , \! -empty -type f -print
+}
+
+function test_incomplete() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic \(
+}
+
+function test_missing_paren() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic \( -print
+}
+
+function test_extra_paren() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -print \)
+}
+
+function test_color() {
+    bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_L() {
+    bfs_diff -L rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_rs_lc_rc_ec() {
+    LS_COLORS="rs=RS:lc=LC:rc=RC:ec=EC:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_escapes() {
+    LS_COLORS="lc=\e[:rc=\155\::ec=^[\x5B\x6d:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_nul() {
+    LS_COLORS="ec=\33[m\0:" bfs_diff rainbow -color -maxdepth 0
+}
+
+function test_color_ln_target() {
+    LS_COLORS="ln=target:or=01;31:mi=01;33:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_L_ln_target() {
+    LS_COLORS="ln=target:or=01;31:mi=01;33:" bfs_diff -L rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_mh() {
+    LS_COLORS="mh=01:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_mh0() {
+    LS_COLORS="mh=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_or() {
+    LS_COLORS="or=01:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_mi() {
+    LS_COLORS="mi=01:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_or_mi() {
+    LS_COLORS="or=01;31:mi=01;33:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_or_mi0() {
+    LS_COLORS="or=01;31:mi=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_or0_mi() {
+    LS_COLORS="or=00:mi=01;33:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_or0_mi0() {
+    LS_COLORS="or=00:mi=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_su_sg0() {
+    LS_COLORS="su=37;41:sg=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_su0_sg() {
+    LS_COLORS="su=00:sg=30;43:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_su0_sg0() {
+    LS_COLORS="su=00:sg=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st_tw_ow0() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=37;44:tw=40;32:ow=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st_tw0_ow() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=37;44:tw=00:ow=34;42:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st_tw0_ow0() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=37;44:tw=00:ow=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st0_tw_ow() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=00:tw=40;32:ow=34;42:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st0_tw_ow0() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=00:tw=40;32:ow=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st0_tw0_ow() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=00:tw=00:ow=34;42:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_st0_tw0_ow0() {
+    LS_COLORS="st=00:tw=00:ow=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_ext() {
+    LS_COLORS="*.txt=01:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_ext0() {
+    LS_COLORS="*.txt=00:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_ext_override() {
+    LS_COLORS="*.tar.gz=01;31:*.TAR=01;32:*.gz=01;33:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_ext_underride() {
+    LS_COLORS="*.gz=01;33:*.TAR=01;32:*.tar.gz=01;31:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_missing_colon() {
+    LS_COLORS="*.txt=01" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_no_stat() {
+    LS_COLORS="mh=0:ex=0:sg=0:su=0:st=0:ow=0:tw=0:*.txt=01:" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_L_no_stat() {
+    LS_COLORS="mh=0:ex=0:sg=0:su=0:st=0:ow=0:tw=0:*.txt=01:" bfs_diff -L rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_star() {
+    # Regression test: don't segfault on LS_COLORS="*"
+    LS_COLORS="*" bfs_diff rainbow -color
+}
+
+function test_color_ls() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    touchp scratch/foo/bar/baz
+    ln -s foo/bar/baz scratch/link
+    ln -s foo/bar/nowhere scratch/broken
+    ln -s foo/bar/nowhere/nothing scratch/nested
+    ln -s foo/bar/baz/qux scratch/notdir
+    ln -s scratch/foo/bar scratch/relative
+    mkdir scratch/__bfs__
+    ln -s /__bfs__/nowhere scratch/absolute
+
+    local EXPECTED="$TESTS/${FUNCNAME[0]}.out"
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        local ACTUAL="$EXPECTED"
+    else
+        local ACTUAL="$TMP/${FUNCNAME[0]}.out"
+    fi
+
+    LS_COLORS="or=01;31:" invoke_bfs scratch/{,link,broken,nested,notdir,relative,absolute} -color -type l -ls \
+        | sed 's/.* -> //' \
+        | sort -o "$ACTUAL"
+
+    if [ ! "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        $DIFF -u "$EXPECTED" "$ACTUAL"
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_deep() {
+    closefrom 4
+
+    ulimit -n 16
+    bfs_diff deep -type f -exec bash -c 'echo "${1:0:6}/.../${1##*/} (${#1})"' bash {} \;
+}
+
+function test_deep_strict() {
+    closefrom 4
+
+    # Not even enough fds to keep the root open
+    ulimit -n 7
+    bfs_diff deep -type f -exec bash -c 'echo "${1:0:6}/.../${1##*/} (${#1})"' bash {} \;
+}
+
+function test_exit() {
+    invoke_bfs basic -name foo -exit 42
+    if [ $? -ne 42 ]; then
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    invoke_bfs basic -name qux -exit 42
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    bfs_diff basic/g -print -name g -exit
+}
+
+function test_exit_no_implicit_print() {
+    bfs_diff basic -not -name foo -o -exit
+}
+
+function test_printx() {
+    bfs_diff weirdnames -printx
+}
+
+function test_and_purity() {
+    # Regression test: (-a lhs(pure) rhs(always_false)) <==> rhs is only valid if rhs is pure
+    bfs_diff basic -name nonexistent \( -print , -false \)
+}
+
+function test_or_purity() {
+    # Regression test: (-o lhs(pure) rhs(always_true)) <==> rhs is only valid if rhs is pure
+    bfs_diff basic -name '*' -o -print
+}
+
+function test_double_negation() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! \! -name 'foo'
+}
+
+function test_not_reachability() {
+    bfs_diff basic -print \! -quit -print
+}
+
+function test_comma_reachability() {
+    bfs_diff basic -print -quit , -print
+}
+
+function test_de_morgan_not() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! \( -name 'foo' -o \! -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_de_morgan_and() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( \! -name 'foo' -a \! -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_de_morgan_or() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( \! -name 'foo' -o \! -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_and_false_or_true() {
+    # Test (-a lhs(always_true) -false) <==> (! lhs),
+    # (-o lhs(always_false) -true) <==> (! lhs)
+    bfs_diff basic -prune -false -o -true
+}
+
+function test_comma_redundant_true() {
+    # Test (, lhs(always_true) -true) <==> lhs
+    bfs_diff basic -prune , -true
+}
+
+function test_comma_redundant_false() {
+    # Test (, lhs(always_false) -false) <==> lhs
+    bfs_diff basic -print -not -prune , -false
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth +1 -depth -4
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_group() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -group "$(id -g)" -nogroup \) -o \( -group "$(id -g)" -o -nogroup \)
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_user() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -user "$(id -u)" -nouser \) -o \( -user "$(id -u)" -o -nouser \)
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_hidden() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -hidden -not -hidden \) -o \( -hidden -o -not -hidden \)
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_sparse() {
+    bfs_diff basic \( -sparse -not -sparse \) -o \( -sparse -o -not -sparse \)
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_type() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! \( -type f -o \! -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_and_swap() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! -type f -a -type d
+}
+
+function test_data_flow_or_swap() {
+    bfs_diff basic \! \( -type f -o \! -type d \)
+}
+
+function test_print_error() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 >/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_fprint_error() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 -fprint /dev/full
+}
+
+function test_fprint_noerror() {
+    # Regression test: /dev/full should not fail until actually written to
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    invoke_bfs basic -false -fprint /dev/full
+}
+
+function test_fprint_error_stdout() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 -fprint /dev/full >/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_fprint_error_stderr() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -maxdepth 0 -fprint /dev/full 2>/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_print0() {
+    bfs_diff basic/a basic/b -print0
+}
+
+function test_fprint0() {
+    invoke_bfs basic/a basic/b -fprint0 scratch/test_fprint0.out
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp scratch/test_fprint0.out "$TESTS/test_fprint0.out"
+    else
+        cmp -s scratch/test_fprint0.out "$TESTS/test_fprint0.out"
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_closed_stdin() {
+    bfs_diff basic <&-
+}
+
+function test_ok_closed_stdin() {
+    bfs_diff basic -ok echo \; <&-
+}
+
+function test_okdir_closed_stdin() {
+    bfs_diff basic -okdir echo {} \; <&-
+}
+
+function test_closed_stdout() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic >&-
+}
+
+function test_closed_stderr() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic >&- 2>&-
+}
+
+function test_unique() {
+    bfs_diff links/{file,symlink,hardlink} -unique
+}
+
+function test_unique_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -unique -depth
+}
+
+function test_L_unique() {
+    bfs_diff -L links/{file,symlink,hardlink} -unique
+}
+
+function test_L_unique_loops() {
+    bfs_diff -L loops/deeply/nested -unique
+}
+
+function test_L_unique_depth() {
+    bfs_diff -L loops/deeply/nested -unique -depth
+}
+
+function test_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs scratch/mnt
+    $TOUCH scratch/foo/bar scratch/mnt/baz
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -mount
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/mnt
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_L_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs scratch/mnt
+    ln -s ../mnt scratch/foo/bar
+    $TOUCH scratch/mnt/baz
+    ln -s ../mnt/baz scratch/foo/qux
+
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -mount
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/mnt
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_xdev() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs scratch/mnt
+    $TOUCH scratch/foo/bar scratch/mnt/baz
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -xdev
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/mnt
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_L_xdev() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs scratch/mnt
+    ln -s ../mnt scratch/foo/bar
+    $TOUCH scratch/mnt/baz
+    ln -s ../mnt/baz scratch/foo/qux
+
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -xdev
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/mnt
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_inum_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_if test "$UNAME" = "Darwin"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs scratch/mnt
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -inum "$(inum scratch/mnt)"
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/mnt
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_inum_bind_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless test "$UNAME" = "Linux"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    $TOUCH scratch/{foo,bar}
+    sudo mount --bind scratch/{foo,bar}
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -inum "$(inum scratch/bar)"
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/bar
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_type_bind_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless test "$UNAME" = "Linux"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    $TOUCH scratch/{file,null}
+    sudo mount --bind /dev/null scratch/null
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -type c
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/null
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_xtype_bind_mount() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless test "$UNAME" = "Linux"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    $TOUCH scratch/{file,null}
+    sudo mount --bind /dev/null scratch/null
+    ln -s /dev/null scratch/link
+
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -type c
+    local ret=$?
+
+    sudo umount scratch/null
+    return $ret
+}
+
+function test_inum_automount() {
+    # bfs shouldn't trigger automounts unless it descends into them
+
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless command -v systemd-mount &>/dev/null
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+    mkdir scratch/{foo,mnt}
+    skip_unless sudo systemd-mount -A -o bind basic scratch/mnt
+
+    local before=$(inum scratch/mnt)
+    bfs_diff scratch -inum "$before" -prune
+    local ret=$?
+    local after=$(inum scratch/mnt)
+
+    sudo systemd-umount scratch/mnt
+
+    ((ret == 0 && before == after))
+}
+
+function set_acl() {
+    case "$UNAME" in
+        Darwin)
+            chmod +a "$(id -un) allow read,write" "$1"
+            ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            if [ "$(getconf ACL_NFS4 "$1")" -gt 0 ]; then
+                setfacl -m "u:$(id -un):rw::allow" "$1"
+            else
+                setfacl -m "u:$(id -un):rw" "$1"
+            fi
+            ;;
+        *)
+            setfacl -m "u:$(id -un):rw" "$1"
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function test_acl() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -acl
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{normal,acl}
+    skip_unless set_acl scratch/acl
+    ln -s acl scratch/link
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -acl
+}
+
+function test_L_acl() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -acl
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{normal,acl}
+    skip_unless set_acl scratch/acl
+    ln -s acl scratch/link
+
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -acl
+}
+
+function test_capable() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless test "$UNAME" = "Linux"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -capable
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{normal,capable}
+    sudo setcap all+ep scratch/capable
+    ln -s capable scratch/link
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -capable
+}
+
+function test_L_capable() {
+    skip_unless test "$SUDO"
+    skip_unless test "$UNAME" = "Linux"
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -capable
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{normal,capable}
+    sudo setcap all+ep scratch/capable
+    ln -s capable scratch/link
+
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -capable
+}
+
+function make_xattrs() {
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{normal,xattr,xattr_2}
+    ln -s xattr scratch/link
+    ln -s normal scratch/xattr_link
+
+    case "$UNAME" in
+        Darwin)
+            xattr -w bfs_test true scratch/xattr \
+                && xattr -w bfs_test_2 true scratch/xattr_2 \
+                && xattr -s -w bfs_test true scratch/xattr_link
+            ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            setextattr user bfs_test true scratch/xattr \
+                && setextattr user bfs_test_2 true scratch/xattr_2 \
+                && setextattr -h user bfs_test true scratch/xattr_link
+            ;;
+        *)
+            # Linux tmpfs doesn't support the user.* namespace, so we use the security.*
+            # namespace, which is writable by root and readable by others
+            [ "$SUDO" ] \
+                && sudo setfattr -n security.bfs_test scratch/xattr \
+                && sudo setfattr -n security.bfs_test_2 scratch/xattr_2 \
+                && sudo setfattr -h -n security.bfs_test scratch/xattr_link
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function test_xattr() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -xattr
+    skip_unless make_xattrs
+    bfs_diff scratch -xattr
+}
+
+function test_L_xattr() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -xattr
+    skip_unless make_xattrs
+    bfs_diff -L scratch -xattr
+}
+
+function test_xattrname() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -xattr
+    skip_unless make_xattrs
+
+    case "$UNAME" in
+        Darwin|FreeBSD)
+            bfs_diff scratch -xattrname bfs_test
+            ;;
+        *)
+            bfs_diff scratch -xattrname security.bfs_test
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function test_L_xattrname() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -xattr
+    skip_unless make_xattrs
+
+    case "$UNAME" in
+        Darwin|FreeBSD)
+            bfs_diff -L scratch -xattrname bfs_test
+            ;;
+        *)
+            bfs_diff -L scratch -xattrname security.bfs_test
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+function test_help() {
+    invoke_bfs -help | grep -E '\{...?\}' && return 1
+    invoke_bfs -D help | grep -E '\{...?\}' && return 1
+    invoke_bfs -S help | grep -E '\{...?\}' && return 1
+    invoke_bfs -regextype help | grep -E '\{...?\}' && return 1
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+function test_version() {
+    invoke_bfs -version >/dev/null
+}
+
+function test_typo() {
+    invoke_bfs -dikkiq 2>&1 | grep follow >/dev/null
+}
+
+function test_D_multi() {
+    bfs_diff -D opt,tree,unknown basic
+}
+
+function test_D_all() {
+    bfs_diff -D all basic
+}
+
+function test_O0() {
+    bfs_diff -O0 basic -not \( -type f -not -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_O1() {
+    bfs_diff -O1 basic -not \( -type f -not -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_O2() {
+    bfs_diff -O2 basic -not \( -type f -not -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_O3() {
+    bfs_diff -O3 basic -not \( -type f -not -type f \)
+}
+
+function test_Ofast() {
+    bfs_diff -Ofast basic -not \( -xtype f -not -xtype f \)
+}
+
+function test_S() {
+    invoke_bfs -S "$1" -s basic >"scratch/test_S_$1.out"
+
+    if [ "$UPDATE" ]; then
+        cp {scratch,"$TESTS"}/"test_S_$1.out"
+    else
+        $DIFF -u {"$TESTS",scratch}/"test_S_$1.out"
+    fi
+}
+
+function test_S_bfs() {
+    test_S bfs
+}
+
+function test_S_dfs() {
+    test_S dfs
+}
+
+function test_S_ids() {
+    test_S ids
+}
+
+function test_exclude_name() {
+    bfs_diff basic -exclude -name foo
+}
+
+function test_exclude_depth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -depth -exclude -name foo
+}
+
+function test_exclude_mindepth() {
+    bfs_diff basic -mindepth 3 -exclude -name foo
+}
+
+function test_exclude_print() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -exclude -print
+}
+
+function test_exclude_exclude() {
+    fail invoke_bfs basic -exclude -exclude -name foo
+}
+
+function test_flags() {
+    skip_unless invoke_bfs scratch -quit -flags offline
+
+    rm -rf scratch/*
+
+    $TOUCH scratch/{foo,bar}
+    skip_unless chflags offline scratch/bar
+
+    bfs_diff scratch -flags -offline,nohidden
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_file() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    invoke_bfs -mindepth 1 -fprintf ../scratch/files0.in "%P\0"
+    bfs_diff -files0-from ../scratch/files0.in
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_stdin() {
+    cd weirdnames
+    invoke_bfs -mindepth 1 -printf "%P\0" | bfs_diff -files0-from -
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_none() {
+    printf "" | fail invoke_bfs -files0-from -
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_empty() {
+    printf "\0" | fail invoke_bfs -files0-from -
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_nowhere() {
+    fail invoke_bfs -files0-from
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_nothing() {
+    fail invoke_bfs -files0-from basic/nonexistent
+}
+
+function test_files0_from_ok() {
+    printf "basic\0" | fail invoke_bfs -files0-from - -ok echo {} \;
+}
+
+function test_stderr_fails_silently() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    bfs_diff -D all basic 2>/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_stderr_fails_loudly() {
+    skip_unless test -e /dev/full
+    fail invoke_bfs -D all basic -false -fprint /dev/full 2>/dev/full
+}
+
+function test_unexpected_operator() {
+    fail invoke_bfs \! -o -print
+}
+
+BOL=
+EOL='\n'
+
+function update_eol() {
+    # Put the cursor at the last column, then write a space so the next
+    # character will wrap
+    EOL="\\033[${COLUMNS}G "
+}
+
+if [[ -t 1 && ! "$VERBOSE_TESTS" ]]; then
+    BOL='\r\033[K'
+
+    # Workaround for bash 4: checkwinsize is off by default.  We can turn it on,
+    # but we also have to explicitly trigger a foreground job to finish so that
+    # it will update the window size before we use $COLUMNS
+    shopt -s checkwinsize
+    (:)
+
+    update_eol
+    trap update_eol WINCH
+fi
+
+passed=0
+failed=0
+skipped=0
+
+for test in "${enabled_tests[@]}"; do
+    printf "${BOL}${YLW}%s${RST}${EOL}" "$test"
+
+    if [ "$VERBOSE_ERRORS" ]; then
+        ("$test")
+    else
+        ("$test") 2>"$TMP/stderr"
+    fi
+    status=$?
+
+    if ((status == 0)); then
+        ((++passed))
+    elif ((status == EX_SKIP)); then
+        ((++skipped))
+        if [ "$VERBOSE_SKIPPED" ]; then
+            printf "${BOL}${CYN}%s skipped!${RST}\n" "$test"
+        fi
+    else
+        ((++failed))
+        [ "$VERBOSE_ERRORS" ] || cat "$TMP/stderr" >&2
+        printf "${BOL}${RED}%s failed!${RST}\n" "$test"
+        [ "$STOP" ] && break
+    fi
+done
+
+if ((passed > 0)); then
+    printf "${BOL}${GRN}tests passed: %d${RST}\n" "$passed"
+fi
+if ((skipped > 0)); then
+    printf "${BOL}${CYN}tests skipped: %s${RST}\n" "$skipped"
+fi
+if ((failed > 0)); then
+    printf "${BOL}${RED}tests failed: %s${RST}\n" "$failed"
+    exit 1
+fi