`bfs` is a variant of the UNIX `find` command that operates [**breadth-first**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search) rather than [**depth-first**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search).
It is otherwise compatible with many versions of `find`, including
**[POSIX] • [GNU] • [FreeBSD] • [OpenBSD] • [NetBSD] • [macOS]**
[POSIX]: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/find.html
[GNU]: https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/
[FreeBSD]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?find(1)
[OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/find.1
[NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/find.1
[macOS]: https://ss64.com/osx/find.html
If you're not familiar with `find`, the [GNU find manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/manual/html_mono/find.html) provides a good introduction.
Features
--------
bfs operates breadth-first, which typically finds the file(s) you're looking for faster.
Imagine the following directory tree:
haystack
├── deep
│ └── 1
│ └── 2
│ └── 3
│ └── 4
│ └── ...
└── shallow
└── needle
`find` will explore the entire `deep` directory tree before it ever gets to the `shallow` one that contains what you're looking for.
On the other hand, `bfs` lists files from shallowest to deepest, so you never have to wait for it to explore an entire unrelated subtree.
bfs | find |
|---|
|
```console
$ bfs haystack
haystack
haystack/deep
haystack/shallow
haystack/deep/1
haystack/shallow/needle
...
```
|
```console
$ find haystack
haystack
haystack/deep
haystack/deep/1
haystack/deep/1/2
haystack/deep/1/2/3
haystack/deep/1/2/3/4
...
haystack/shallow
haystack/shallow/needle
```
|
bfs tries to be easier to use than find, while remaining compatible.
For example, `bfs` is less picky about where you put its arguments:
bfs | find |
|---|
|
```console
$ bfs -L -name 'needle' haystack
haystack/needle
$ bfs haystack -L -name 'needle'
haystack/needle
$ bfs -L haystack -name 'needle'
haystack/needle
```
|
```console
$ find -L -name 'needle' haystack
find: paths must precede expression: haystack
$ find haystack -L -name 'needle'
find: unknown predicate `-L'
$ find -L haystack -name 'needle'
haystack/needle
```
|
bfs gives helpful errors and warnings.
For example, `bfs` will detect and suggest corrections for typos:
```console
$ bfs -nam needle
bfs: error: bfs -nam needle
bfs: error: ~~~~
bfs: error: Unknown argument; did you mean -name?
```
`bfs` also includes a powerful static analysis to help catch mistakes:
```console
$ bfs -print -name 'needle'
bfs: warning: bfs -print -name needle
bfs: warning: ~~~~~~~~~~~~
bfs: warning: The result of this expression is ignored.
```
bfs adds some options that make common tasks easier.
For example, the `-exclude` operator skips over entire subtrees whenever an expression matches.
`-exclude` is both more powerful and easier to use than the standard `-prune` action; compare
$ bfs -name config -exclude -name .git
to the equivalent
$ find ! \( -name .git -prune \) -name config
As an additional shorthand, `-nohidden` skips over all hidden files and directories.
See the [usage documentation](/docs/USAGE.md#extensions) for more about the extensions provided by `bfs`.
Installation
------------
bfs may already be packaged for your operating system.
To build bfs from source, you may need to install some dependencies.
The only absolute requirements for building `bfs` are a C compiler, [GNU make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/), and [Bash](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/).
These are installed by default on many systems, and easy to install on most others.
Refer to your operating system's documentation on building software.
`bfs` also depends on some system libraries for some of its features.
Here's how to install them on some common platforms:
Alpine Linux
# apk add acl{,-dev} attr libcap{,-dev} liburing-dev oniguruma-dev
Arch Linux
# pacman -S acl attr libcap liburing oniguruma
Debian/Ubuntu
# apt install acl libacl1-dev attr libattr1-dev libcap2-bin libcap-dev liburing-dev libonig-dev
Fedora
# dnf install acl libacl-devel attr libcap-devel liburing-devel oniguruma-devel
NixOS
# nix-env -i acl attr libcap liburing oniguruma
Void Linux
# xbps-install -S acl-{devel,progs} attr-progs libcap-{devel,progs} liburing-devel oniguruma-devel
Homebrew
$ brew install oniguruma
MacPorts
# port install oniguruma6
FreeBSD
# pkg install oniguruma
These dependencies are technically optional, though strongly recommended.
See the [build documentation](/docs/BUILDING.md#dependencies) for how to disable them.
Once you have the dependencies, you can build bfs.
Download one of the [releases](https://github.com/tavianator/bfs/releases) or clone the [git repo](https://github.com/tavianator/bfs).
Then run
$ ./configure
$ make
This will build the `./bin/bfs` binary.
Run the test suite to make sure it works correctly:
$ make check
If you're interested in speed, you may want to build the release version instead:
$ ./configure RELEASE=y
$ make
Finally, if you want to install it globally, run
# make install
